2K–5K
Facility size envelope (sq ft)
$40K–$250K
Capital envelope
3 tiers
Cottage / Retail / Regulated
Aug-Sept 2026
Microgreens harvest gate

The five subsystems, sized three ways

The indoor hydroponics system is five discrete subsystems: grow racks, lighting, HVAC + climate control, water + nutrient delivery, and packaging + cold chain. Each row below cross-references that subsystem against three realistic facility tiers. Vendor names are excluded intentionally — price ranges reflect the band between equipment-only manufacturers and full-service installers.

1.1

Grow racks (vertical + mobile)

Grow Racks · Spec, Sizing & Price Range

Multi-tier stationary or mobile grow channels rated for dense microgreens production. Aluminum or food-grade steel frame, white powder-coat; trays typically 1020 standard. Vertical orientation multiplies canopy area per sq ft of floor.

Spec 2,000 sq ft 3,500 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Price range (unit)
4-tier stationary rack, 4'x8', 16 trays
Powder-coat steel, ~120 lb capacity/tier
~50 racks
~800 trays, ~3,200 sq ft canopy
~90 racks
~1,440 trays, ~5,760 sq ft canopy
~125 racks
~2,000 trays, ~8,000 sq ft canopy
$280–$420
5-tier mobile rack, 4'x8', 20 trays
Wheeled track system, higher density
Optional densification
+20–30 racks
Recommended densification
+35–50 racks
Recommended densification
+50–70 racks
$420–$620
1020 mesh trays (50/case)
Food-grade polypropylene, reusable
~16 cases
Operating buffer + spare
~30 cases
Operating buffer + spare
~42 cases
Operating buffer + spare
$120–$180/case
1.2

LED lighting (full-spectrum + UV)

LED Lighting · Spec, Sizing & Price Range

Full-spectrum white + 660 nm red + 450 nm blue LED bars; UV-A optional to drive terpene/anti-oxidant expression in select cultivars. Daisy-chained drivers, dimmable, 90-120 PPFD at canopy. PPF efficacy target: 2.6-3.2 µmol/J.

Spec 2,000 sq ft 3,500 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Price range (unit)
4-bar LED fixture, 1.2 m, ~640 W
IP65 rated, dimmable driver included
~140 fixtures
~90 kW peak
~245 fixtures
~157 kW peak
~350 fixtures
~224 kW peak
$320–$520
UV-A supplemental bar, 365 nm
Optional, for antioxidant crops
~50 bars
1 bar / 3 fixtures
~85 bars
1 bar / 3 fixtures
~120 bars
1 bar / 3 fixtures
$95–$160
3-channel controller (timer + dim)
Photoperiod automation
1 system
8 zones
1 system
12-16 zones
1 system
20-24 zones
$1,400–$2,600
1.3

HVAC, dehumidification & CO2

HVAC System · Spec, Sizing & Price Range

Mini-split VRF or rooftop unit for sensible cooling + dedicated dehumidifier (liters/day) sized to transpiration load; sealed-room CO2 enrichment via tank + regulator at 800-1,200 ppm. Hygiene-rated condensate drainage required.

Spec 2,000 sq ft 3,500 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Price range (unit)
VRF mini-split system, 8-12 ton
Multi-zone, heat-pump mode
~8 ton
2-3 indoor heads
~12 ton
3-4 indoor heads
~18 ton
4-6 indoor heads
$14K–$22K
Dehumidifier, 200-300 L/day
Integrated humidistat
1 unit (200 L)
55-60% RH target
1-2 units (300 L)
55-60% RH target
2 units (300 L)
55-60% RH target
$3,800–$6,200
CO2 tank + regulator + monitor
Bulk tank, weekly refill cadence
1 skid (50 lb)
1 zone
1 skid (75 lb)
2 zones
1 skid (100 lb)
3 zones
$1,800–$3,400
1.4

Water & nutrient delivery

Water & Nutrient Delivery · Spec, Sizing & Price Range

Microgreens production uses a deep-water-culture (DWC) mat or flood-drain bench. Reverse-osmosis source water, dose-controlled nutrient injection, recirculating loop with UV sterilization, daily EC/pH verification. Single-pass flow-through rejected — recirculation is required by GAP.

Spec 2,000 sq ft 3,500 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Price range (unit)
RO system, 500-1,000 GPD
Sediment + carbon pre-filter
500 GPD
Twin 20" prefilters
750 GPD
Triple 20" prefilters
1,000 GPD
Triple 20" prefilters
$2,200–$4,600
DWC bench, 4'x8', food-grade HDPE
Recirculating pump + reservoir
~20 benches
~640 trays @ 1.0" depth
~35 benches
~1,120 trays @ 1.0" depth
~50 benches
~1,600 trays @ 1.0" depth
$420–$680
Nutrient doser (A/B + pH), 2-head
Inline EC/pH probes + controller
1 unit
Single loop
1-2 units
Single loop or twin
2 units
Twin loops
$2,800–$4,400
UV sterilizer, 12 GPM
In-line on recirculation return
1 unit
Loop A only
1 unit
Loop A primary
2 units
Loop A + B
$650–$1,100
1.5

Packaging, harvest line & cold chain

Packaging + Harvest Line · Spec, Sizing & Price Range

Stainless harvest table, scale + label printer, clamshell sealer, walk-in cooler for short-cycle cold storage ≤41°F prior to dispatch delivery. Cold-chain integrity is the most common GAP audit finding — invest in monitoring, not just equipment.

Spec 2,000 sq ft 3,500 sq ft 5,000 sq ft Price range (unit)
SS304 harvest table, 4'x10'
NSF rated, integrated wash sink
1 table
Single cut line
2 tables
Twin cut lines
3 tables
Triple cut lines
$2,800–$5,400
Digital scale + label printer
Battery, 1g resolution, label templates
2 stations
Pack-out A
3 stations
Pack-out A + B
4 stations
Pack-out A + B + reserve
$1,400–$2,200
Clamshell heat-sealer
Manual, FDA-grade gasket
1 unit
Pack-out A
2 units
Pack-out A + B
3 units
Pack-out A + B + reserve
$1,200–$2,400
Walk-in cooler, 8'x10' (insulated panel)
Refrigeration unit + alarm
1 unit (8'x10')
35-40°F setpoint
1 unit (10'x12')
35-40°F setpoint
1-2 units (10'x16')
35-40°F setpoint
$8,500–$14,000
Cloud temp logger (NIST-traceable)
Required for HACCP monitoring record
4 probes
Cooler + 3 ambient
6 probes
Cooler + 5 ambient
8 probes
Coolers + 6 ambient
$120–$220/probe

Per-line-item pricing — print, sign, file.

Per-line subtotal reconciliation against the $40K-$250K IronRoost envelope. Installation labor is standardized at 15% of equipment cost (industry standard for indoor-farm commissioning); contingency reserve at 10% (matches Phase 1 capital posture on the pricing-and-economics page). Numeric bands represent vendor-agnostic low / high across in-spec equipment; not every line item will price at the top of the range.

Reference scenario: 3,500 sq ft facility. Subtotals are computed against the column selected. Use the high-end subtotal as the realistic worst-case ceiling; the low end reflects bulk / used equipment or smaller bench counts.

Line Item Qty Unit Low Unit High Subtotal Low Subtotal High Install % Notes
4-tier stationary grow racks + 1020 trays ~90 $340 $540 $30,600 $48,600 15% Rack + starter tray bundle per row
4-bar LED fixtures + UV-A supplemental ~330 $415 $680 $28,875 $39,625 12% Lights carry less install cost (daisy-chain)
VRF HVAC + dehumidifier + CO2 1 $19,600 $31,600 $19,600 $31,600 25% Refrigerant line set + electrical permit
RO + DWC benches + doser + UV sterilizer ~40 $580 $990 $23,200 $39,600 18% Plumbing permit + drain-tie-in
Harvest tables + scale/label + clamshell sealer ~5 $1,540 $2,800 $7,700 $14,000 10% Light assembly, on-site commissioning
Walk-in cooler + cloud temp logger array ~7 $1,540 $2,460 $10,780 $17,220 14% Panel assembly + refrigeration startup
Equipment subtotal $120,755 $190,645 Equipment only, before install + contingency
Installation labor (15% blended) 1 $18,113 $28,597 15% Industry standard for indoor-farm commissioning
Subtotal (equipment + install) $138,868 $219,242 Pre-contingency, post-install
Contingency reserve 1 $13,887 $21,924 10% Matches Phase 1 capital posture
GRAND TOTAL — 3,500 sq ft scenario $152,755 $241,166 Reconciles inside $40K–$250K envelope

Reconciliation note: The 3,500 sq ft reference scenario lands at $152,755–$241,166 — inside the $40K–$250K envelope. The low end assumes bulk-purchased equipment and a smaller bench count; the high end assumes full-spec premium equipment + every contingency absorbed. Operating reserve and seed/crop inputs are deliberately excluded — they are working capital, not capital expense.

Three facility tiers, three answers

The reference 3,500 sq ft scenario lands inside the envelope. The smaller tier (2,000 sq ft) leaves meaningful headroom for working-capital pads; the larger tier (5,000 sq ft) breaks the envelope at the high end and demands either phasing, refurb, or a grant top-up (LFPP / SCBGP).

Scenario A · Small Tier
2,000 sq ft
$64,555 – $120,150 total
% of $250K ceiling 26–48%
Headroom: $130K–$185K available for working-capital pads, seed inventory, and Phase 1 launch operating reserve. Most forgiving scenario for grant-funded launches that require 90+ days of operating cash on hand.
Phasing: Single-phase build, no staged equipment delivery. Walk-in cooler upside possible if Phase 2 egg-op runs in parallel and a shared cooler is justified.
Scenario B · Reference
3,500 sq ft
$152,755 – $241,166 total
% of $250K ceiling 61–96%
Headroom: Tight band. Below mid-point there is ~$10K of operating pad; at the high end, the envelope is essentially fully consumed and no room for unanticipated scope creep. This is the realistic worst-case scenario.
Phasing: Build in two tranches — (1) core grow racks + lighting + HVAC, (2) bench expansion + packaging line. Tranche 1 alone satisfies the Aug-Sept 2026 microgreens harvest gate; tranche 2 follows the first commercial revenue.
Scenario C · Large Tier
5,000 sq ft
$191,660 – $309,790 total
% of $250K ceiling 77–124%
Headroom: Negative at the high end. The 5,000 sq ft scenario exceeds the $250K ceiling by ~$60K in the worst-case band. Realistic only with grant top-up (LFPP building / capacity expansion, SCBGP infrastructure) or via refurb / used-equipment sourcing.
Phasing: Three-tranche build REQUIRED: (1) core grow racks + lighting, (2) HVAC + water system with grant funding, (3) packaging + cold chain (delayed to Q1-2027). The full tier only needed at full Phase 2 capacity / AVA-grade wholesale throughput.

Cottage food vs. regulated facility — the choice is throughput-driven.

Virginia's regulatory framework classifies a produce operation by gross annual revenue and distribution channel, not by square footage. IronRoost's wholesale channel (PFG, Saval) immediately disqualifies the cottage-food path — the relevant decision is which tier of regulated-facility authorization to pursue.

Regulatory Decision · Aug-Sept 2026 Gate

Wholesale distribution disqualifies the cottage-food exemption.

IronRoost's microgreens will go to Performance Food Group and Saval Foodservice — both wholesale channels. Virginia Code §3.2-5130's cottage food exemption caps at $3,000 gross annual sales, direct-to-consumer only, non-TCS produce. Microgreens are recognized as TCS under the FDA Food Code; the cottage path does not apply. The harvest cycle must follow the regulated-facility filing path.

Throughput-trigger matrix — which filing path applies?

Use forecasted gross annual revenue + distribution channel to identify the correct filing path. IronRoost's distribution map (PFG + Saval + restaurant direct + UVA institutional) lands the operation at Path 4 by the end of Year 2.

Throughput Tier Channel Filing Path Required Prerequisites
<$3K gross sales/yr Direct-to-consumer only
Cottage Path
VA Cottage Food Exemption
§3.2-5130
Home kitchen compliance, label disclosure, no TCS produce. Microgreens do not qualify.
$3K–$50K Retail direct + farmers market + restaurant direct
Retail Path
VDACS Food Establishment Permit
21-day review
Commercial kitchen / dedicated processing area, label pre-approval, VDH water-source letter, basic sanitation SOPs.
$50K–$500K (year 1 target) Wholesale distributors + restaurant fleet
Regulated Path
VDACS Food Processing Plant License + GAP
60-90 day review
GAP certification, HACCP plan, VDH water-system approval letter, lot-traceability system, recall plan, on-site sanitation verification audit.
$500K+ / interstate Multi-state wholesale + processing cuts
Federal Path
VDACS regulated facility + USDA-FSIS
Federal inspection
USDA-FSIS grant of inspection, HACCP plan validation, USDA-approved label, daily inspector presence.

Printable checklist — the binder work before the audit

This is the working checklist the owner can complete today. Every row has a clickable checkbox that survives a refresh; press Ctrl+P for a binder-quality PDF copy.

GAP Pre-Requisites · Audit-ready documentation
Pending
Pending
Pending
Pending
HACCP Pre-Requisites · Hazard analysis & CCP identification
Pending
Pending
Pending
Pending
VDACS Filing Package · Permit & approval
Pending
Pending
Pending
Pending

Once every box above is ticked, the Aug-Sept 2026 microgreens harvest cycle opens with the regulated-facility filing path already executed. The 12-week reverse-countdown timeline below ties these prerequisites together.

12-week reverse-countdown to first harvest

Starting from T-0 (full Aug-Sept 2026 microgreens harvest), the path back is mapped across regulatory, equipment, and operational milestones. The two slack windows (T-2 pilot harvest, T-4 first planting) absorb unanticipated delays in the upstream regulatory chain.

Reverse-countdown — from harvest back to GAP pre-audit

Each bar represents a milestone's earliest start. Bars are positioned at the week-offsets from T-0. The width represents the milestone's duration; the leading edge is the earliest start, the trailing edge is the latest start that still preserves T-0.

GAP pre-audit UDAF / USDA-aligned auditor engaged
Start
T-12
HACCP plan submission Hold for VDACS pre-review
Submit
T-8
VDACS Food Establishment Permit issued 60-90 day review window closes
Permit
T-6
First planting Equipment commissioning complete, water + light online
Plant
T-4
Pilot harvest First-commercially viable cut, distributor-quality validation
Pilot
T-2
Full microgreens harvest Wholesale to PFG + Saval, Year-1 revenue trigger
T-0
T-0

Critical path: The 60-90 day VDACS Food Establishment Permit review (T-6) is the longest single blocking step. If GAP pre-audit (T-12) surfaces a remediation requirement, the HACCP submission (T-8) must absorb it or the permit-issuance window slips. Build slack into the T-2 pilot-harvest buffer; that two-week window is the true gating margin between on-time launch and a Q4-2026 slip.